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Pieter Brueghel the Younger
Pieter Brueghel the Younger or Pieter Bruegel the Younger (before 1616 he signed his name as 'Brueghel' and after 1616 as 'Breughel')〔(Pieter Brueghel (II) ) at the Netherlands Institute for Art History 〕 (; 1564 or 1565 – 10 October 1636) was a Flemish painter, known for numerous copies after his father Pieter Bruegel the Elder's work as well as his original compositions. Traditionally, he has been nicknamed "de helse Brueghel" or "Hell Brueghel" because it was believed he was the author of several paintings with fantastic depictions of fire and grotesque imagery. These paintings have now been attributed to his brother Jan Brueghel the Elder.〔Alexander Wied and Hans J. Van Miegroet. "Jan Breughel I." Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 11 Jul. 2014.〕〔Larry Silver, ''Peasant Scenes and Landscapes: The Rise of Pictorial Genres in the Antwerp Art Market'', University of Pennsylvania Press, 4 Jan, 2012, p. 158〕
==Life==
Pieter Brueghel the Younger was born in Brussels, the oldest son of the famous sixteenth-century Netherlandish painter Pieter Brueghel the Elder (known as "Peasant Brueghel") and Mayken Coecke van Aelst. His father died in 1569, when Pieter the younger was only five years old. Following the death of his mother in 1578, Pieter, together with his brother Jan Brueghel the Elder (also referred to as "Velvet Brueghel", "Paradise Breughel" and "Flower Breughel") and sister Marie, went to live with their grandmother Mayken Verhulst (widow of Pieter Coecke van Aelst). She was an artist in her own right, and according to the early 17th-century Flemish biographer Karel van Mander, possibly the first teacher of the two sons.〔〔Alexander Wied and Hans J. Van Miegroet. "Bruegel." Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 11 Jul. 2014.〕
The family moved to Antwerp sometime after 1578 and Pieter possibly entered the studio of the landscape painter Gillis van Coninxloo (1544–1607). In the 1584/1585 registers of the Guild of Saint Luke, "Peeter Brugel" is listed as an independent master. On 5 November 1588 he married Elisabeth Goddelet. The couple had seven children one of whom, called Pieter Brueghel III was also a painter.〔 Pieter Brueghel the Younger operated a large studio in Antwerp which produced mainly inexpensive copies of his father's work for local sale and export. He was nevertheless often in financial difficulties, possibly due to drinking.〔 He had at least 8 pupils including Frans Snyders and Andries Daniels.〔〔
He died in Antwerp, aged 72.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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